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1 2 d rotavirus wa strain  (ATCC)


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    Structured Review

    ATCC 1 2 d rotavirus wa strain
    Design and soluble expression of the fusion protein of <t>rotavirus</t> receptor-binding domain and ENC nanoparticles. ( a ) Computational modeling and theoretical structure of ENC-RV VP8*. The predicted structure of ENC and linked VP8* are colored blue and green, respectively. The fusion protein of ENC-VP8* was predicted using SWISS-MODEL, Expasy. ( b ) Schematic designs of the protein structures. The size of proteins is shown under the name of each protein. ( c ) Expression of ENC and ENC-RV VP8* in the presence or absence of the RID fusion partner. The proteins were expressed at various vector constructions, and the cell lysates were separated into T, P, and S fractions via centrifugation and analyzed using 12% sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. ENC-VP8* with RID fusion partner is indicated by the red arrow. Lane M indicates molecular size markers. TEV SITE, tobacco etch virus (TEV) protease cleavage site; T, total fraction; P, insoluble pellet fraction; S, soluble fraction; ENC, encapsulin; RV, rotavirus vaccine, RID, RNA-interacting domain.
    1 2 D Rotavirus Wa Strain, supplied by ATCC, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 96/100, based on 378 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/ma+2+1/MA-104+Clone+1/pmc11435836-108-53-63
    Average 96 stars, based on 378 article reviews
    1 2 d rotavirus wa strain - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
    96/100 stars

    Images

    1) Product Images from "Molecular Design of Encapsulin Protein Nanoparticles to Display Rotavirus Antigens for Enhancing Immunogenicity"

    Article Title: Molecular Design of Encapsulin Protein Nanoparticles to Display Rotavirus Antigens for Enhancing Immunogenicity

    Journal: Vaccines

    doi: 10.3390/vaccines12091020

    Design and soluble expression of the fusion protein of rotavirus receptor-binding domain and ENC nanoparticles. ( a ) Computational modeling and theoretical structure of ENC-RV VP8*. The predicted structure of ENC and linked VP8* are colored blue and green, respectively. The fusion protein of ENC-VP8* was predicted using SWISS-MODEL, Expasy. ( b ) Schematic designs of the protein structures. The size of proteins is shown under the name of each protein. ( c ) Expression of ENC and ENC-RV VP8* in the presence or absence of the RID fusion partner. The proteins were expressed at various vector constructions, and the cell lysates were separated into T, P, and S fractions via centrifugation and analyzed using 12% sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. ENC-VP8* with RID fusion partner is indicated by the red arrow. Lane M indicates molecular size markers. TEV SITE, tobacco etch virus (TEV) protease cleavage site; T, total fraction; P, insoluble pellet fraction; S, soluble fraction; ENC, encapsulin; RV, rotavirus vaccine, RID, RNA-interacting domain.
    Figure Legend Snippet: Design and soluble expression of the fusion protein of rotavirus receptor-binding domain and ENC nanoparticles. ( a ) Computational modeling and theoretical structure of ENC-RV VP8*. The predicted structure of ENC and linked VP8* are colored blue and green, respectively. The fusion protein of ENC-VP8* was predicted using SWISS-MODEL, Expasy. ( b ) Schematic designs of the protein structures. The size of proteins is shown under the name of each protein. ( c ) Expression of ENC and ENC-RV VP8* in the presence or absence of the RID fusion partner. The proteins were expressed at various vector constructions, and the cell lysates were separated into T, P, and S fractions via centrifugation and analyzed using 12% sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. ENC-VP8* with RID fusion partner is indicated by the red arrow. Lane M indicates molecular size markers. TEV SITE, tobacco etch virus (TEV) protease cleavage site; T, total fraction; P, insoluble pellet fraction; S, soluble fraction; ENC, encapsulin; RV, rotavirus vaccine, RID, RNA-interacting domain.

    Techniques Used: Expressing, Binding Assay, Plasmid Preparation, Centrifugation, Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis, Virus

    The addition of GS linker to the N-terminal of fusion protein increases the cleavage efficiency of TEV protease. ( a ) Schematic diagram of the expression vector system. The two linkers are shown in red (GS) 3 and white (Linker) and TEV SITE indicates the TEV protease recognition site. ( b ) Time-lapse 12% sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of TEV cleavage before (left panel) and after (right panel) the linker insertion. Lane M indicates molecular size markers. Proteins purified or separated until purification are indicated by red arrows. ( c ) Following IMAC elution, minor residual contaminants and non-target proteins were removed. Purified NPs (ENC NPs with and without VP8*) were negatively stained and analyzed via transmission electron microscopy. Scale bars = 100 nm and 200 nm. ENC, encapsulin; RV, rotavirus vaccine, RID, RNA-interacting domain; M, molecular weight marker; IMAC, elution with anion exchange chromatography.
    Figure Legend Snippet: The addition of GS linker to the N-terminal of fusion protein increases the cleavage efficiency of TEV protease. ( a ) Schematic diagram of the expression vector system. The two linkers are shown in red (GS) 3 and white (Linker) and TEV SITE indicates the TEV protease recognition site. ( b ) Time-lapse 12% sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of TEV cleavage before (left panel) and after (right panel) the linker insertion. Lane M indicates molecular size markers. Proteins purified or separated until purification are indicated by red arrows. ( c ) Following IMAC elution, minor residual contaminants and non-target proteins were removed. Purified NPs (ENC NPs with and without VP8*) were negatively stained and analyzed via transmission electron microscopy. Scale bars = 100 nm and 200 nm. ENC, encapsulin; RV, rotavirus vaccine, RID, RNA-interacting domain; M, molecular weight marker; IMAC, elution with anion exchange chromatography.

    Techniques Used: Expressing, Plasmid Preparation, Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis, Purification, Staining, Transmission Assay, Electron Microscopy, Molecular Weight, Marker, Chromatography

    Linker affects the enhanced yield of nanoparticle (NP) antigen. ( a ) Schematic diagram of ENC-RV VP8* with inserted linker between ENC and VP8* antigen. Underlined L2 is colored as white. ENC and linked VP8* are colored blue and green, respectively. ( b ) The solubility of recombinant proteins fused with different linkers was analyzed with sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Protein expression is under the control of isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactopyranoside induction. NP protein was fused with the C-terminal antigen VP8* via the linkers, L1: (G 3 S) 3 SGGS linker (left) and L2: (G 3 S) 2 EAAAKG 3 S linker (right). The arrow indicates the band position of each recombinant protein. ( c ) Dynamic light scattering measurement profiles (three independent scans of the same sample) of particle sizes and distributions of ENC NPs with L1 (left) and L2 (right). ( d ) Purified NPs were negatively stained and analyzed via transmission electron microscopy. Scale bar = 200 nm. M, molecular weight marker; T, total fraction; P, insoluble pellet fraction; S, soluble fraction; L1, linker 1; L2, linker 2; ENC, encapsulin; RV, rotavirus vaccine, RID, RNA-interacting domain.
    Figure Legend Snippet: Linker affects the enhanced yield of nanoparticle (NP) antigen. ( a ) Schematic diagram of ENC-RV VP8* with inserted linker between ENC and VP8* antigen. Underlined L2 is colored as white. ENC and linked VP8* are colored blue and green, respectively. ( b ) The solubility of recombinant proteins fused with different linkers was analyzed with sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Protein expression is under the control of isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactopyranoside induction. NP protein was fused with the C-terminal antigen VP8* via the linkers, L1: (G 3 S) 3 SGGS linker (left) and L2: (G 3 S) 2 EAAAKG 3 S linker (right). The arrow indicates the band position of each recombinant protein. ( c ) Dynamic light scattering measurement profiles (three independent scans of the same sample) of particle sizes and distributions of ENC NPs with L1 (left) and L2 (right). ( d ) Purified NPs were negatively stained and analyzed via transmission electron microscopy. Scale bar = 200 nm. M, molecular weight marker; T, total fraction; P, insoluble pellet fraction; S, soluble fraction; L1, linker 1; L2, linker 2; ENC, encapsulin; RV, rotavirus vaccine, RID, RNA-interacting domain.

    Techniques Used: Solubility, Recombinant, Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis, Expressing, Control, Purification, Staining, Transmission Assay, Electron Microscopy, Molecular Weight, Marker

    Conformation of VP8* displayed with P2 on ENC was self-assembled into 60-mer nanoparticles (NPs). ( a ) Schematic diagram of ENC-RV VP8* with inserted linker between ENC and VP8* antigen. P2 is colored orange. ENC and linked VP8* are colored blue and green, respectively. ( b ) Purified recombinant proteins fused with different linkers were analyzed with sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. NP protein was fused with the C-terminal antigen VP8* via the L2 linker with P2 (right). The arrow indicates the band position of each recombinant protein. ( c ) Dynamic light scattering measurement profiles (three independent scans of the same sample) of particle sizes and distributions of ENC NPs with P2. ( d ) Purified NPs were negatively stained and analyzed via transmission electron microscopy. Scale bar = 50 nm. ENC, encapsulin; L2, linker 2; RV, rotavirus vaccine; RSD, relative standard deviation.
    Figure Legend Snippet: Conformation of VP8* displayed with P2 on ENC was self-assembled into 60-mer nanoparticles (NPs). ( a ) Schematic diagram of ENC-RV VP8* with inserted linker between ENC and VP8* antigen. P2 is colored orange. ENC and linked VP8* are colored blue and green, respectively. ( b ) Purified recombinant proteins fused with different linkers were analyzed with sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. NP protein was fused with the C-terminal antigen VP8* via the L2 linker with P2 (right). The arrow indicates the band position of each recombinant protein. ( c ) Dynamic light scattering measurement profiles (three independent scans of the same sample) of particle sizes and distributions of ENC NPs with P2. ( d ) Purified NPs were negatively stained and analyzed via transmission electron microscopy. Scale bar = 50 nm. ENC, encapsulin; L2, linker 2; RV, rotavirus vaccine; RSD, relative standard deviation.

    Techniques Used: Purification, Recombinant, Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis, Staining, Transmission Assay, Electron Microscopy, Standard Deviation

    Related Articles

    Staining:

    Article Title: Tumor-Specific CD8+ T Cell Reactivity in the Sentinel Lymph Node of GM-CSF–Treated Stage I Melanoma Patients is Associated with High Myeloid Dendritic Cell Content
    Article Snippet: .. To determine the patients’ HLA-A1, HLA-A2, or HLA-A3 status, PBMC were stained with monoclonal antibodies, BB7.2 and MA 2.1 (HLA-A2), GAP A3 (HLA-A3), (American Tissue Culture Collection, Rockville, MD), and A1/A36 (HLA-A1, One Lambda, Canoga Park, CA), whereas CD4/CD8 status was checked with directly labeled anti-CD4 and anti-CD8 (BD, San Jose, CA). .. Freshly isolated SLN cells were directly stained with PE-labeled CD1a (PharMingen, San Diego, CA) and FITC-labeled CD83 (Immunotech, Marseilles, France) antibodies and analyzed by flow cytometry at 100,000 events per measurement, as previously described (26).

    Article Title: Local Administration of PF-3512676 CpG-B Instigates Tumor-Specific CD8+ T-Cell Reactivity in Melanoma Patients
    Article Snippet: Purpose: Impaired immune effector functions in the melanoma sentinel lymph node (SLN) may allow for early metastatic events.. Local administration of PF-3512676 (formerly known as CpG 7909) has shown immunostimulatory effects of both dendritic cell and T-cell subsets in the melanoma SLN.. Here, we set out to ascertain whether these PF-3512676-induced immunostimulatory effects translate into higher frequencies of melanoma-specific CD8 Tcells.

    Bioprocessing:

    Article Title: Tumor-Specific CD8+ T Cell Reactivity in the Sentinel Lymph Node of GM-CSF–Treated Stage I Melanoma Patients is Associated with High Myeloid Dendritic Cell Content
    Article Snippet: .. To determine the patients’ HLA-A1, HLA-A2, or HLA-A3 status, PBMC were stained with monoclonal antibodies, BB7.2 and MA 2.1 (HLA-A2), GAP A3 (HLA-A3), (American Tissue Culture Collection, Rockville, MD), and A1/A36 (HLA-A1, One Lambda, Canoga Park, CA), whereas CD4/CD8 status was checked with directly labeled anti-CD4 and anti-CD8 (BD, San Jose, CA). .. Freshly isolated SLN cells were directly stained with PE-labeled CD1a (PharMingen, San Diego, CA) and FITC-labeled CD83 (Immunotech, Marseilles, France) antibodies and analyzed by flow cytometry at 100,000 events per measurement, as previously described (26).

    Article Title: Local Administration of PF-3512676 CpG-B Instigates Tumor-Specific CD8+ T-Cell Reactivity in Melanoma Patients
    Article Snippet: Purpose: Impaired immune effector functions in the melanoma sentinel lymph node (SLN) may allow for early metastatic events.. Local administration of PF-3512676 (formerly known as CpG 7909) has shown immunostimulatory effects of both dendritic cell and T-cell subsets in the melanoma SLN.. Here, we set out to ascertain whether these PF-3512676-induced immunostimulatory effects translate into higher frequencies of melanoma-specific CD8 Tcells.

    Article Title: IL-10 Conditioning of Human Skin Affects the Distribution of Migratory Dendritic Cell Subsets and Functional T Cell Differentiation
    Article Snippet: The epidermis was separated with tweezers, washed with IMDM 10% FCS and pushed through a 100 uM-pore nylon strainer (Falcon-BD biosciences, San Jose, CA) with the plunger of a 2 ml syringe to obtain a single-cell suspension. .. The cell suspensions were used for HLA-A2 typing by flowcytometric analysis as described below, by use of HLA-A2 specific monoclonal antibodies (mAb); used clones were BB7.2 and MA 2.1 from the American Tissue Culture Collection (ATCC, Rockville, MD). ..

    Labeling:

    Article Title: Tumor-Specific CD8+ T Cell Reactivity in the Sentinel Lymph Node of GM-CSF–Treated Stage I Melanoma Patients is Associated with High Myeloid Dendritic Cell Content
    Article Snippet: .. To determine the patients’ HLA-A1, HLA-A2, or HLA-A3 status, PBMC were stained with monoclonal antibodies, BB7.2 and MA 2.1 (HLA-A2), GAP A3 (HLA-A3), (American Tissue Culture Collection, Rockville, MD), and A1/A36 (HLA-A1, One Lambda, Canoga Park, CA), whereas CD4/CD8 status was checked with directly labeled anti-CD4 and anti-CD8 (BD, San Jose, CA). .. Freshly isolated SLN cells were directly stained with PE-labeled CD1a (PharMingen, San Diego, CA) and FITC-labeled CD83 (Immunotech, Marseilles, France) antibodies and analyzed by flow cytometry at 100,000 events per measurement, as previously described (26).

    Functional Assay:

    Article Title: Local Administration of PF-3512676 CpG-B Instigates Tumor-Specific CD8+ T-Cell Reactivity in Melanoma Patients
    Article Snippet: Purpose: Impaired immune effector functions in the melanoma sentinel lymph node (SLN) may allow for early metastatic events.. Local administration of PF-3512676 (formerly known as CpG 7909) has shown immunostimulatory effects of both dendritic cell and T-cell subsets in the melanoma SLN.. Here, we set out to ascertain whether these PF-3512676-induced immunostimulatory effects translate into higher frequencies of melanoma-specific CD8 Tcells.

    Isolation:

    Article Title: Local Administration of PF-3512676 CpG-B Instigates Tumor-Specific CD8+ T-Cell Reactivity in Melanoma Patients
    Article Snippet: Purpose: Impaired immune effector functions in the melanoma sentinel lymph node (SLN) may allow for early metastatic events.. Local administration of PF-3512676 (formerly known as CpG 7909) has shown immunostimulatory effects of both dendritic cell and T-cell subsets in the melanoma SLN.. Here, we set out to ascertain whether these PF-3512676-induced immunostimulatory effects translate into higher frequencies of melanoma-specific CD8 Tcells.

    Clone Assay:

    Article Title: IL-10 Conditioning of Human Skin Affects the Distribution of Migratory Dendritic Cell Subsets and Functional T Cell Differentiation
    Article Snippet: The epidermis was separated with tweezers, washed with IMDM 10% FCS and pushed through a 100 uM-pore nylon strainer (Falcon-BD biosciences, San Jose, CA) with the plunger of a 2 ml syringe to obtain a single-cell suspension. .. The cell suspensions were used for HLA-A2 typing by flowcytometric analysis as described below, by use of HLA-A2 specific monoclonal antibodies (mAb); used clones were BB7.2 and MA 2.1 from the American Tissue Culture Collection (ATCC, Rockville, MD). ..



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    Design and soluble expression of the fusion protein of rotavirus receptor-binding domain and ENC nanoparticles. ( a ) Computational modeling and theoretical structure of ENC-RV VP8*. The predicted structure of ENC and linked VP8* are colored blue and green, respectively. The fusion protein of ENC-VP8* was predicted using SWISS-MODEL, Expasy. ( b ) Schematic designs of the protein structures. The size of proteins is shown under the name of each protein. ( c ) Expression of ENC and ENC-RV VP8* in the presence or absence of the RID fusion partner. The proteins were expressed at various vector constructions, and the cell lysates were separated into T, P, and S fractions via centrifugation and analyzed using 12% sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. ENC-VP8* with RID fusion partner is indicated by the red arrow. Lane M indicates molecular size markers. TEV SITE, tobacco etch virus (TEV) protease cleavage site; T, total fraction; P, insoluble pellet fraction; S, soluble fraction; ENC, encapsulin; RV, rotavirus vaccine, RID, RNA-interacting domain.

    Journal: Vaccines

    Article Title: Molecular Design of Encapsulin Protein Nanoparticles to Display Rotavirus Antigens for Enhancing Immunogenicity

    doi: 10.3390/vaccines12091020

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Design and soluble expression of the fusion protein of rotavirus receptor-binding domain and ENC nanoparticles. ( a ) Computational modeling and theoretical structure of ENC-RV VP8*. The predicted structure of ENC and linked VP8* are colored blue and green, respectively. The fusion protein of ENC-VP8* was predicted using SWISS-MODEL, Expasy. ( b ) Schematic designs of the protein structures. The size of proteins is shown under the name of each protein. ( c ) Expression of ENC and ENC-RV VP8* in the presence or absence of the RID fusion partner. The proteins were expressed at various vector constructions, and the cell lysates were separated into T, P, and S fractions via centrifugation and analyzed using 12% sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. ENC-VP8* with RID fusion partner is indicated by the red arrow. Lane M indicates molecular size markers. TEV SITE, tobacco etch virus (TEV) protease cleavage site; T, total fraction; P, insoluble pellet fraction; S, soluble fraction; ENC, encapsulin; RV, rotavirus vaccine, RID, RNA-interacting domain.

    Article Snippet: MA104 cells were seeded at 1.0 × 10 4 cells/well in 96-well plates (Thermo Fisher Scientific, København V, Denmark) with 200 μL of complete Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium (containing 10% fetal bovine serum (Gibco; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) and 1% penicillin–streptomycin (Gibco; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) and incubated for 1–2 d. Rotavirus Wa strain (G1P [ ]) (Rotavirus A; ATCC CRL-2378.1, Manassas, VA, USA) was thawed from −80 °C storage and activated via incubation with trypsin (final concentration of 10 μg/mL) for 1 h at 37 °C.

    Techniques: Expressing, Binding Assay, Plasmid Preparation, Centrifugation, Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis, Virus

    The addition of GS linker to the N-terminal of fusion protein increases the cleavage efficiency of TEV protease. ( a ) Schematic diagram of the expression vector system. The two linkers are shown in red (GS) 3 and white (Linker) and TEV SITE indicates the TEV protease recognition site. ( b ) Time-lapse 12% sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of TEV cleavage before (left panel) and after (right panel) the linker insertion. Lane M indicates molecular size markers. Proteins purified or separated until purification are indicated by red arrows. ( c ) Following IMAC elution, minor residual contaminants and non-target proteins were removed. Purified NPs (ENC NPs with and without VP8*) were negatively stained and analyzed via transmission electron microscopy. Scale bars = 100 nm and 200 nm. ENC, encapsulin; RV, rotavirus vaccine, RID, RNA-interacting domain; M, molecular weight marker; IMAC, elution with anion exchange chromatography.

    Journal: Vaccines

    Article Title: Molecular Design of Encapsulin Protein Nanoparticles to Display Rotavirus Antigens for Enhancing Immunogenicity

    doi: 10.3390/vaccines12091020

    Figure Lengend Snippet: The addition of GS linker to the N-terminal of fusion protein increases the cleavage efficiency of TEV protease. ( a ) Schematic diagram of the expression vector system. The two linkers are shown in red (GS) 3 and white (Linker) and TEV SITE indicates the TEV protease recognition site. ( b ) Time-lapse 12% sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of TEV cleavage before (left panel) and after (right panel) the linker insertion. Lane M indicates molecular size markers. Proteins purified or separated until purification are indicated by red arrows. ( c ) Following IMAC elution, minor residual contaminants and non-target proteins were removed. Purified NPs (ENC NPs with and without VP8*) were negatively stained and analyzed via transmission electron microscopy. Scale bars = 100 nm and 200 nm. ENC, encapsulin; RV, rotavirus vaccine, RID, RNA-interacting domain; M, molecular weight marker; IMAC, elution with anion exchange chromatography.

    Article Snippet: MA104 cells were seeded at 1.0 × 10 4 cells/well in 96-well plates (Thermo Fisher Scientific, København V, Denmark) with 200 μL of complete Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium (containing 10% fetal bovine serum (Gibco; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) and 1% penicillin–streptomycin (Gibco; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) and incubated for 1–2 d. Rotavirus Wa strain (G1P [ ]) (Rotavirus A; ATCC CRL-2378.1, Manassas, VA, USA) was thawed from −80 °C storage and activated via incubation with trypsin (final concentration of 10 μg/mL) for 1 h at 37 °C.

    Techniques: Expressing, Plasmid Preparation, Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis, Purification, Staining, Transmission Assay, Electron Microscopy, Molecular Weight, Marker, Chromatography

    Linker affects the enhanced yield of nanoparticle (NP) antigen. ( a ) Schematic diagram of ENC-RV VP8* with inserted linker between ENC and VP8* antigen. Underlined L2 is colored as white. ENC and linked VP8* are colored blue and green, respectively. ( b ) The solubility of recombinant proteins fused with different linkers was analyzed with sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Protein expression is under the control of isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactopyranoside induction. NP protein was fused with the C-terminal antigen VP8* via the linkers, L1: (G 3 S) 3 SGGS linker (left) and L2: (G 3 S) 2 EAAAKG 3 S linker (right). The arrow indicates the band position of each recombinant protein. ( c ) Dynamic light scattering measurement profiles (three independent scans of the same sample) of particle sizes and distributions of ENC NPs with L1 (left) and L2 (right). ( d ) Purified NPs were negatively stained and analyzed via transmission electron microscopy. Scale bar = 200 nm. M, molecular weight marker; T, total fraction; P, insoluble pellet fraction; S, soluble fraction; L1, linker 1; L2, linker 2; ENC, encapsulin; RV, rotavirus vaccine, RID, RNA-interacting domain.

    Journal: Vaccines

    Article Title: Molecular Design of Encapsulin Protein Nanoparticles to Display Rotavirus Antigens for Enhancing Immunogenicity

    doi: 10.3390/vaccines12091020

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Linker affects the enhanced yield of nanoparticle (NP) antigen. ( a ) Schematic diagram of ENC-RV VP8* with inserted linker between ENC and VP8* antigen. Underlined L2 is colored as white. ENC and linked VP8* are colored blue and green, respectively. ( b ) The solubility of recombinant proteins fused with different linkers was analyzed with sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Protein expression is under the control of isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactopyranoside induction. NP protein was fused with the C-terminal antigen VP8* via the linkers, L1: (G 3 S) 3 SGGS linker (left) and L2: (G 3 S) 2 EAAAKG 3 S linker (right). The arrow indicates the band position of each recombinant protein. ( c ) Dynamic light scattering measurement profiles (three independent scans of the same sample) of particle sizes and distributions of ENC NPs with L1 (left) and L2 (right). ( d ) Purified NPs were negatively stained and analyzed via transmission electron microscopy. Scale bar = 200 nm. M, molecular weight marker; T, total fraction; P, insoluble pellet fraction; S, soluble fraction; L1, linker 1; L2, linker 2; ENC, encapsulin; RV, rotavirus vaccine, RID, RNA-interacting domain.

    Article Snippet: MA104 cells were seeded at 1.0 × 10 4 cells/well in 96-well plates (Thermo Fisher Scientific, København V, Denmark) with 200 μL of complete Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium (containing 10% fetal bovine serum (Gibco; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) and 1% penicillin–streptomycin (Gibco; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) and incubated for 1–2 d. Rotavirus Wa strain (G1P [ ]) (Rotavirus A; ATCC CRL-2378.1, Manassas, VA, USA) was thawed from −80 °C storage and activated via incubation with trypsin (final concentration of 10 μg/mL) for 1 h at 37 °C.

    Techniques: Solubility, Recombinant, Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis, Expressing, Control, Purification, Staining, Transmission Assay, Electron Microscopy, Molecular Weight, Marker

    Conformation of VP8* displayed with P2 on ENC was self-assembled into 60-mer nanoparticles (NPs). ( a ) Schematic diagram of ENC-RV VP8* with inserted linker between ENC and VP8* antigen. P2 is colored orange. ENC and linked VP8* are colored blue and green, respectively. ( b ) Purified recombinant proteins fused with different linkers were analyzed with sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. NP protein was fused with the C-terminal antigen VP8* via the L2 linker with P2 (right). The arrow indicates the band position of each recombinant protein. ( c ) Dynamic light scattering measurement profiles (three independent scans of the same sample) of particle sizes and distributions of ENC NPs with P2. ( d ) Purified NPs were negatively stained and analyzed via transmission electron microscopy. Scale bar = 50 nm. ENC, encapsulin; L2, linker 2; RV, rotavirus vaccine; RSD, relative standard deviation.

    Journal: Vaccines

    Article Title: Molecular Design of Encapsulin Protein Nanoparticles to Display Rotavirus Antigens for Enhancing Immunogenicity

    doi: 10.3390/vaccines12091020

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Conformation of VP8* displayed with P2 on ENC was self-assembled into 60-mer nanoparticles (NPs). ( a ) Schematic diagram of ENC-RV VP8* with inserted linker between ENC and VP8* antigen. P2 is colored orange. ENC and linked VP8* are colored blue and green, respectively. ( b ) Purified recombinant proteins fused with different linkers were analyzed with sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. NP protein was fused with the C-terminal antigen VP8* via the L2 linker with P2 (right). The arrow indicates the band position of each recombinant protein. ( c ) Dynamic light scattering measurement profiles (three independent scans of the same sample) of particle sizes and distributions of ENC NPs with P2. ( d ) Purified NPs were negatively stained and analyzed via transmission electron microscopy. Scale bar = 50 nm. ENC, encapsulin; L2, linker 2; RV, rotavirus vaccine; RSD, relative standard deviation.

    Article Snippet: MA104 cells were seeded at 1.0 × 10 4 cells/well in 96-well plates (Thermo Fisher Scientific, København V, Denmark) with 200 μL of complete Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium (containing 10% fetal bovine serum (Gibco; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) and 1% penicillin–streptomycin (Gibco; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) and incubated for 1–2 d. Rotavirus Wa strain (G1P [ ]) (Rotavirus A; ATCC CRL-2378.1, Manassas, VA, USA) was thawed from −80 °C storage and activated via incubation with trypsin (final concentration of 10 μg/mL) for 1 h at 37 °C.

    Techniques: Purification, Recombinant, Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis, Staining, Transmission Assay, Electron Microscopy, Standard Deviation